Taxon:  Trifolium pratense L.



Summary
Genus:
Trifolium
Subgenus:
Trifolium
Section:
Trifolium
Family:
Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae)
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Trifolieae
Nomen number:
300623
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:768.  1753
Verified:
03/23/2007 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
270 (254  active, 145  available) in Nordic Baltic Genebanks.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Trifolium pratense L. var. americanum Harz (0 active accession[s])
Trifolium pratense L. var. pratense (521 active accession[s])
Trifolium pratense L. var. sativum Schreb. (0 active accession[s])
Trifolium pratense L. var. villosum DC. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Trifolium pratense L. var. perenne Buckman

No images


Conservation Status
WGR – WGR NGB FOR
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  3. Converse, R. H., ed. 1987. Virus diseases of small fruits. USDA Agriculture Handbook 631 35.
  4. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
  5. Cronquist, A. et al. 1972-. Intermountain flora.
  6. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  7. Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
  8. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  9. Duke, J. A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance
  10. Ellison, N. W. et al. 2006. Molecular phylogenetics of the clover genus (Trifolium - Leguminosae). Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 39:688-705.
  11. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  13. Gillett, J. M. & N. L. Taylor (M. Collins ed.). 2001. The world of clovers 326.
  14. Graham, E. H. 1941. Legumes for erosion control and wildlife. USDA Misc. Publ. 412.
  15. Greene, S. L. et al. 2004. Relating morphologic and RAPD marker variation to collection site environment in wild populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 51:643-653.
  16. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  17. Huang, S. F. & T. C. Huang. 1987. Taxonomic treatment of the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Taiwan. Taiwania 32:11-117.
  18. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  19. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  20. International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
  21. Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
  22. Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
  23. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  24. Kongkiatngam, P. et al. 1995. Genetic variation within and between two cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.): Comparisons of morphological, isozyme, and RAPD markers. Euphytica 84:237-246. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
  25. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
  26. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  27. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  28. Meikle, R. D. 1977-1985. Flora of Cyprus.
  29. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:132.
  30. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
  31. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  32. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
  33. Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
  34. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  35. Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979-1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
  36. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
  37. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  38. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  39. Smythies, B. E. 1984-1986. Flora of Spain and the Balearic Islands: checklist of vascular plants. Englera 3:1-882.
  40. Taylor, N. L. et al. 1963. Interspecific hybridization of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Crop Sci. (Madison) 3:549-552.
  41. Taylor, N. L. 2008. A century of clover breeding developments in the United States. Crop Sci. (Madison) 48:1-13.
  42. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
  43. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  44. Watson, L. E. et al. 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Old World Trifolium (Fabaceae), based on plastid and nuclear markers. Pl. Syst. Evol. 224:153-171.
  45. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
  46. Zohary, M. & D. Heller. 1984. The genus Trifolium 357.
  47. 1998. Federal Seed Act and Regulations, Agricultural and Vegetable Kind Lists, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch.
  48. 2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
Common names
LANGUAGENAMEALTERNATE NAMENOTESEQCITATION
English Chilean clover 1 Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English cowgrass clover 1 Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English mammoth red clover 1 1998. Federal Seed Act and Regulations, Agricultural and Vegetable Kind Lists, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch.
English medium red clover 1 1998. Federal Seed Act and Regulations, Agricultural and Vegetable Kind Lists, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch.
English peavine clover 1 Duke, J. A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance
English purple clover 1 Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
English red clover 1 Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
French trèfle des prés 2 Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
French trèfle rouge 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French trèfle violet 2 Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
German Rotklee 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Italian trifoglio pratense 2 International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Italian trifoglio violetta 2 International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
Japanese Rōmaji aka-tsumekusa 2 Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Japanese Rōmaji murasaki-tsumekusa 2 Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
Portuguese trevo-dos-prados 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese trevo-violeta 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish trébol común 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish trébol rojo 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish trébol violeta 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish rödklöver 2 Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese hong che zhou cao 2 Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Transcribed Korean bulgeuntokkipul 2 Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:132.
Transliterated Russian klever krasnyj 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberias.
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIsrael  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia n.w.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan n.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeBelarus  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzechoslovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeFormer Yugoslavia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
2Cultivated    also cult.
4Naturalized    widely natzd. in temperate regions
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia (s.)]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.w.), Pakistan (n.)
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Czechoslovakia, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized (widely natzd. in temperate regions)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodfodder Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Animal foodforage Kouamé C. N. et al. 1997. Response to root-knot nematodes of a germplasm collection of red clover and related species. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:439-445.
Bee plantshoney production Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Environmentalsoil improver Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Food additivesflavoring Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Harmful organism hostcrop diseases Converse, R. H., ed. 1987. Virus diseases of small fruits. USDA Agriculture Handbook 631 35.
Harmful organism hostcrop pests Converse, R. H., ed. 1987. Virus diseases of small fruits. USDA Agriculture Handbook 631 35.
Medicinesfolklore Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://nordic-baltic-genebanks.org/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=300623. Accessed 21 November 2024.