Taxon:  Citrus ×limon (L.) Osbeck (Citrus Rangpur Lime Group)



Summary
Genus:
Citrus
Family:
Rutaceae
Subfamily:
Aurantioideae
Tribe:
Aurantieae
Subtribe:
Citrinae
Nomen number:
480120
Place of publication:
Reise Ostindien 250.  1765 "limonia"
Comment:
  • a hybrid of Citrus × aurantium (C. maxima × C. reticulata) × C. medica
  • Osbeck's Dagb. Ostind. resa (1757) provided a Latin description but no name for the taxon that was identified as "C. limonia" in the 1765 German translation (Resie Ostindien). In the preface of the German translation, Osbeck stated that he had used Linnaeus' names from Sp. pl., where "Malus Limonia acida" appeared as a synonym of C. medica var. limon L. Although Osbeck makes no reference to the Linnaean basionym, nor did he adopt the spelling of the Linnaean epithet, it is clear that he was following Linnaeus, and therefore it is possible to apply Shenzhen ICN 41.4 and Art. 60.1.
Verified:
02/21/2018 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in Nordic Baltic Genebanks. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Citrus medica L. var. limon L.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Citrus ×limon (L.) Burm. f.
Citrus ×limonia Osbeck

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Citrus ×mellarosa Risso
Citrus ×volkameriana (Risso) V. Ten. & Pasq.
Citrus bergamota Raf.
Citrus karna Raf.
Citrus limonum Risso
Citrus rissoi Risso

No images


Reference(s)
  1. Bayer, R. J. et al. 2009. A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) using nine cpDNA sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 96:668-685. Note: lists as Citrus × limon (L.) Burm. f.
  2. Cufodontis, G. 1953-1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta. Note: = Citrus limonia Osbeck
  3. Federici, C. T. et al. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related genera as revealed by RFLP and RAPD analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:812-822. Note: this study included four samples of "Citrus limon (L.) Bur. f." including cultivar 'Eureka'
  4. Garcia-Lor, A. et al. 2013. A nuclear phylogenetic analysis: SNPs, indels and SSRs deliver new insights into the relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' group (Citrinae, Rutaceae) and the origin of cultivated species. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 111:1-19.
  5. Gmitter, F. G., Jr. et al. 2007. Chapter 14. Citrus fruits. Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants (7 vols.) Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 4:265-279. Note: mentions as a probable hybrid between Citrus medica and C. aurantifolia
  6. Grosser, J. W. et al. 2000. Somatic hybridization in Citrus: an effective tool to facilitate variety improvement. In Vitro Cell. Developmental Biol., Plant 36:434-449. Note: this review cites hybrids involving "Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f." for both scion and graft stock improvement
  7. Li, X. et al. 2010. The origin of cultivated Citrus as inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer and chloroplast DNA sequence and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism fingerprints. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 135:341-350. Note: this study included two cultivars of "Citrus limon": "Eureka" and "Femminello"
  8. Mabberley, D. J. 1997. A classification for edible Citrus (Rutaceae). Telopea 7:169.
  9. Nicolosi, E. et al. 2000. Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1155-1166. Note: lists as "Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f."
  10. Ollitrault, P. et al. 2012. SNP mining in C. clementina BAC end sequences; transferability in the Citrus genus (Rutaceae), phylogenetic inferences and perspectives for genetic mapping. B. M. C. Genomics 13:13. Note: this study examined the usefulness of SNP markers derived from Citrus clementina for understanding the "origin of some secondary species and important cultivars"; it confirmed the hybrid origin of C. limon with a diverse genomic contribution from C. medica
  11. Penjor, T. et al. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of Citrus and its relatives based on matK gene sequences. PLoS One 8(4): e62574. Note: this study included two samples of "Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f." that grouped within the pummelo cluster
  12. Rouiss, H. et al. 2017. Unreduced megagametophyte production in lemon occurs via three meiotic mechanisms, predominantly second-division restitution. Front. Plant Sci. 8:1211, pages 1-16. Note: lists as "Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f."
  13. Scora, R. W. 1975. On the history and origin of Citrus. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102:369-375. Note: lists as "Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f."
  14. Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives.
  15. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
LANGUAGENAMEALTERNATE NAMENOTESEQCITATION
English Canton lemon as Citrus ×limonia 1 Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2.
English chine lemon as Citrus ×limonia 1 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
English cravo lemon as Citrus ×limonia 1 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
English hime lemon as Citrus ×limonia 1 Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English lemandarin as Citrus ×limonia 1 Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English lemon 1 Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English mandarin lime as Citrus ×limonia 1 Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English marmalade lime as Citrus ×limonia 1 Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
English Otaheite orange as Citrus ×limonia 1 Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English Rangpur lime as Citrus ×limonia 1 Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English red lemon as Citrus ×limonia 1 Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
French citronnier 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French citronnier de Canton as Citrus ×limonia 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French limettier Rangpur as Citrus ×limonia 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French limonier 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German Pinochio Orange as Citrus otaitense 2 Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
German Rangpur-Mandarinenlimette as Citrus ×limonia 2 Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
German Volkamer Zitrone as Citrus volkameriana 2 Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
German Zitrone 2 Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
India sharbati as Citrus ×limonia 2 Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
India surkh nimboo as Citrus ×limonia 2 Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
India Sylhet lime as Citrus ×limonia 2 Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Italian limone 2 Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
Portuguese limão 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Portuguese limão cravo as Citrus ×limonia 2 Andrade, R. A. de et al. 2007. Detecção de polimorfismo em porta-enxertos para citros. Revista Brasil. Frutic. 29:345-349. Note: this study used AFLP to verify if used graft stocks, including Citrus limonia, were derived from zygotic embryos
Portuguese limoeiro-azedo 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Portuguese (Brazil) limão-eureka 2 Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil) limão-gênova 2 Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil) limão-siciliano 2 Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil) limão-verdadeiro 2 Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Portuguese (Brazil) limoeiro 2 Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanish limón 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Spanish limón de Cantón as Citrus ×limonia 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Spanish limón grande as Citrus ×limonia 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Spanish limonero 2 Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Transcribed Chinese li meng 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Transcribed Chinese ning meng 2 Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Transliterated Arabic limum 2 Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    widely cult. in tropics & subtropics
6Other    origin unknown, likely China
Cultivated (widely cult. in tropics & subtropics)
Other (origin unknown, likely China)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Food additivesemulsifier Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 Note: 343, 413.
Food additivesflavoring Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption
Food additivesflavoring Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 Note: 343, 413.
Food additivesgelling agent Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 Note: 343, 413.
Human foodbeverage base Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. 1950. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials. 2:190.
Human foodfruit Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. 1950. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials. 2:190.
Materialsessential oilssource of neroli citronier used in perfumeryLeung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 Note: 343, 413.
Materialsgum/resin Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 Note: 343, 413.
Materialslipids Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 Note: 343, 413.
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://nordic-baltic-genebanks.org/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=480120. Accessed 24 April 2025.